Bệnh bướu rể lúa do tuyến trùng Meloidogyne graminicola.
Đây là loại tuyến trùng nội ký sinh, ấu trùng có dạng con sán (lãi) kim. Khi phát triển giới tính, tuyến trùng cái đổi thành dạng hình quả lê, trong khi tuyến trùng đực vẫn giử dạng lãi kim. Tuyến trùng cái đẻ trứng bên trong bướu.
Tuyến trùng cần khoảng 41 giờ để đầu tuyến trùng xâm nhập được vào mô phân sinh rễ. Tế bào vỏ rễ bắt đầu nở to và sinh sản nhanh để thành lập bướu trong vòng 72 giờ. Sau khi xâm nhiễm 4 ngày, các đại tế bào được thành hình.
Trong một bướu có thể có đến 62 con tuyến trùng, trong đó có đến 45 con cái đang đẻ trứng.
Vòng đời của tuyến trùng có thể từ 26-51 ngày, tùy điều kiện và tuyến trùng có thể kích thích sự phát triển ở mô phân sinh, mô vỏ, biểu bì trong, chu luân, mô mộc.
Triệu chứng bệnh
Trên đồng ruộng, cây lúa khoảng một tháng tuổi thường thấy có triệu chứng bệnh. Bệnh phát triển mạnh trên đất cạn và ẩm, đây là loài tuyến trùng háo khí, chúng ngừng phát triển trong đất ngập nước.
Cây bị lùn, lá hơi vàng, tăng trưởng chậm. Nhổ rễ lên, thấy rễ vẫn trắng tốt nhưng bị ngắn lại, bướu xuất hiện ở nhiều đoạn của rể hoặc ở chóp rể. Nơi có ổ tuyến trùng bị phù to tạo bướu 1-2 mm.
Khi bị tuyến trùng ký sinh, cây lúa bị bệnh bướu rể nên tốn nhiều phân bón và cây lúa phát triển kém.
Ruộng lúa bị bệnh bướu rể
Tình hình bệnh bướu rể ở huyện Vĩnh Hưng
Bệnh bướu rể là loài dịch hại chính ở huyện Vĩnh Hưng. Bệnh này xuất hiện ở cả hai vụ Đông xuân và Hè thu. Bệnh nặng ở những nơi ruộng lúa bị cạn.
Các biện pháp phòng trị chủ yếu:
-Không để ruộng mất nước bệnh sẽ phát triển mạnh.
-Khi cây lúa bị bướu rể bơm nước và giữ nước ngập liên tục 5-7 ngày.
-Nông dân chưa có thói quen dùng thuốc hóa học vì chưa hiểu rõ bệnh.
Khi bệnh nặng có thể rải thuốc Furadan 3 H hay thuốc Mocap.
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