BỆNH THAN ĐEN – CORN SMUT, COMMON SMUT, BOIL SMUT, BLISTER SMUT – AGRICULTURE

BỆNH THAN ĐEN – CORN SMUT, COMMON SMUT, BOIL SMUT, BLISTER SMUT

Home Tra Cứu Bệnh & Côn Trùng Cây Bắp - Corn Bệnh Than Đen - Blister Smut BỆNH THAN ĐEN – CORN SMUT, COMMON SMUT, BOIL SMUT, BLISTER SMUT
bệnh than đen trên cây ngô
Bệnh Than Đen - Blister Smut

BỆNH THAN ĐEN – CORN SMUT, COMMON SMUT, BOIL SMUT, BLISTER SMUT

Posted On May 13, 2017 at 8:38 pm by / 1,730 Comments

Tác nhân gây bệnh:

Bệnh do nấm Ustilago maydis; U. zeae. 

Triệu chứng:

Bệnh có thể  hại trên lá, thân, bông cờ và chủ yếu là trên trái . Đặc trưng điển hình của bệnh là tạo thành các u sưng.Lúc đầu vết bệnh chỉ sùi lên như một cái bọc nhỏ, sau đó phình to được bọc bởi một lớp bọc trắng, phớt hồng, dần chuyển sang màu tro. Bên trong là một khối rắn vàng trắng sau biến thành bột đen, đó là khối bào tử hậu. Bộ phận bị bệnh tạo thành những u sưng dị hình, thối hỏng làm giảm năng suất ngô đáng kể.

Trên thân, lá, cờ và trái có những bướu to. Bướu có màu trắng, xám, hồng rồi đen, bên trong chứa nhiều bì bào tử màu đen (chlamydospores) hoặc đông bào tử (teliospores) màu nâu đen. Các bướu vỡ ra và phóng thích bào tử, bào tử được gió đưa sang cây khác hoặc tiềm sinh trong đất. Cây con bị nhiểm bệnh có thể chết sớm. Hạt bị nhiểm bệnh sẽ trở thành bướu (gall).

Phòng trừ:

– Vệ sinh đồng ruộng: thu dọn cây bệnh trước và sau vụ mùa, loại trừ các bướu bệnh bằng cách cắt bỏ bướu khi chúng mới xuất hiện.
– Hạn chế các vết thương cơ học gây ra trên cây, ngăn ngừa sâu đục thân.
– Cày sâu, phơi đất, bón phân cân đối. Áp dụng biện pháp luân canh với chu kỳ 2-5 năm cho những nơi bi bệnh nặng thường xuyên.
– Dùng giống kháng bệnh. Chọn hạt giống từ cây mạnh. Có thể kiểm tra hạt giống trước khi gieo trồng, bằng phương pháp rửa hạt: cho hạt vào nước vô trùng, lắc mạnh trong 15 phút rồi ly tâm (3000 vòng/phút), quan sát chất lắng, dưới kính hiển vi, để phát hiện đông bào tử.
– Khử hạt bằng hổn hợp Carboxin và Thiram hoặc bằng Benomyl, hoặc bằng cách xông hơi nước nóng 45 độ C trong 3 giờ hoặc 47 độ C trong 2 giờ.
– Việc phun thuốc trừ nấm bệnh chỉ giới hạn được phần nào tác hại của bệnh.
– Phòng trừ sinh học: các nghiên cứu về vi khuẩn đối kháng đã được tiến hành trong những năm của hai thập niên 1930 và 1940, nhưng sau đó, công trình nầy không được tiếp tục nữa. Hiện nay,  người ta phát hiện có một loài amip và loài myxobacterium có khả năng trừ được nấm bệnh !IU. maydis!i trong đất. 

– Phòng trừ hoá học: Không dùng ngô bị bệnh để làm giống, chỉ sử dụng hạt giống sạch bệnh.  Xử lý hạt giống trước khi gieo bằng thuốc Thiram 85 WP, lượng 2-3 kg/tấn giống. Dùng các giống ngô chống chịu bệnh, Luân canh với lúa hoặc các cây đậu đỗ. Vệ sinh đồng ruộng, thu dọn sạch tàn dư cây bệnh đem tiêu hủy. Phun các loại thuốc trừ bệnh như Thiram 85 WP, Tiptop 250 EC. Phun khi bắt đầu xuất hiện bệnh từ 1 – 5%.

Phun trừ khi thấy có triệu chứng bệnh xuất hiện (7-10 ngày trước và sau trổ) với các loại thuốc sau:

Aviso 350SC 14 ml/16 lít nước
Ridozeb 80 WP, Mancozeb 80WP 60-80 g/16 lít nước

Ngoại cảnh:

Sự biến động của nấm bệnh là do sự thay đổi về khả năng gây bệnh và đặc tính của nó trong môi trường nuôi cấy.
Sự  lan  truyền bệnh:  trong đất, các đông bào  tử nẩy mầm sinh ra các đãm bào tử. Đãm bào tử nhờ gió phát tán, gặp ký chủ sẽ tiếp tục chu kỳ gây bệnh, đây là nguồn lây lan chủ yếu của bệnh nầy (Hình 20). Vào năm 1977, đã có ghi nhận chi tiết cho rằng hạt bệnh cũng là nguồn lan truyền bệnh quan trọng, nhưng sau đó điều nầy không được công nhận nữa, có nghĩa là mầm bệnh ở hạt giống không phải là nguồn lây lan chủ yếu.

Bệnh xuất hiện và gây hại ở hầu hết các vùng trồng ngô. Nấm bệnh xâm nhập gây bệnh qua vết thương cơ giới do chăm sóc, vun xới hoặc mưa gió, do sâu bệnh cắn phá. Bệnh phát triển mạnh ở ruộng trồng dày và bón nhiều đạm vô cơ. Bào tử nấm bệnh tồn tại trên hạt giống và tàn dư cây bện là nguồn lây nhiễm cho vụ sau. Các giống ngô địa phương thường bị bệnh nặng.

Chu trình:

Các thể sinh sản (sori) được thành lập dưới dạng các bướu bất thường trên lá, thân hoặc trên các phát hoa; Kích thước bướu rất thay đổi: bướu dài từ dưới 1cm đến 10cm.
Đông bào  tử hình cầu hoặc hình ellip, bề mặt có gai nhỏ, đường kính: 8-11 micron; khi nẩy mầm cho ra 4 hoặc nhiều hơn 4  đãm bào tử (sporidia, basidiospores). Đãm bào tử không màu (hyaline) và có dạng hình thoi.
Bì bào tử có thể lưu tồn rất lâu (7 năm) trong đất và hạt.
Mầm bệnh tấn công vào cây con, làm cây bị chết ngay hoặc bệnh phát triển theo sự phát triển của cây và tạo ra triệu chứng khi cây bước vào giai đoạn sinh dục. Ngoài ra, bì bào tử còn có thể xâm nhiểm vào cây lúc trổ cờ. Cây dễ bị nhiểm bệnh khi cây bị sâu đục thân tấn công, khi gốc cây bị thương tích hoặc khi bẻ cờ lúc chọn tạo giống. Mô tế bào nhiểm bệnh sẽ có lượng amin acid tự do (như glutamic, alanin, glycin) tích tụ cao, nhưng khi bướu được hình thành thì glycin và alanin sẽ giảm, còn glutamic vẫn cao hơn bình thường.

Tư vấn kĩ thuật: 0933.067.033


1,730 thoughts on “BỆNH THAN ĐEN – CORN SMUT, COMMON SMUT, BOIL SMUT, BLISTER SMUT”

  2. Pingback: vagragenericaar.org

  82. You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this
    topic to be really something which I think I would never understand.
    It seems too complex and very broad for me.

    I am looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!

  90. hello!,I like your writing so a lot! share we communicate more about your post on AOL?
    I need a specialist in this area to solve my problem. Maybe that’s you!
    Taking a look ahead to look you.

  237. Undeniably imagine that that you stated. Your favorite justification seemed to be on the net the simplest factor to be aware of.
    I say to you, I definitely get irked at the same
    time as other folks consider worries that they just do not realize about.
    You controlled to hit the nail upon the top as neatly as defined out the entire thing with no need side-effects , other folks could
    take a signal. Will likely be back to get more. Thank you

  240. It’s arduous to find knowledgeable people on this subject, however you sound like you already know what you’re talking about! Thanks

  246. Hello! Would you mind if I share your blog with my facebook group?
    There’s a lot of folks that I think would really enjoy
    your content. Please let me know. Many thanks

  248. Thanks for sharing your thoughts. I really appreciate
    your efforts and I will be waiting for your next write ups thank you once again.

  249. Hi there I am so happy I found your site, I really found you by accident, while I was looking on Digg for something else,
    Anyhow I am here now and would just like to say thanks a lot for a remarkable post and a
    all round thrilling blog (I also love the theme/design),
    I don’t have time to go through it all at the minute but
    I have bookmarked it and also included your RSS feeds,
    so when I have time I will be back to read a lot more, Please do
    keep up the excellent jo.

  250. Hi, i think that i saw you visited my blog thus i came to “return the favor”.I’m trying to find things to enhance my web site!I suppose its ok to
    use some of your ideas!!

  257. After exploring a few of the articles on your web
    page, I truly appreciate your technique of writing a
    blog. I added it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back soon. Please visit my website too and tell
    me your opinion.

  264. Pingback: buy cialis online

  271. Warning: Vernon Hills, IL and Libertyville, IL and surrounding 50 miles radius area is in active war zone ! Towns are held hostage by UK agents, Russian spies, Indian spies, Mexican spies, Chinese spies, and other Hispanic spies

  290. Pingback: when to take viagra

  299. It’s remarkable to pay a quick visit this website and reading the views of all friends regarding this post,
    while I am also keen of getting know-how.

  306. Great blog right here! Additionally your web site loads up fast!

    What web host are you the usage of? Can I am getting your affiliate
    link to your host? I wish my website loaded up as fast as
    yours lol

  307. Thanks for your marvelous posting! I really enjoyed reading it,
    you will be a great author. I will remember to bookmark your
    blog and will eventually come back in the future. I want to encourage you to definitely continue your great writing, have
    a nice day!

  313. Sie waren zweimal wurde Hallo gemeinschaft wo sie bot an Ort
    für die. Hallo unbekannte du bist schlank und sportlich und fit bin zwar schon etwas.
    Verbesserung pillen und internetcafé zu verbringen möchten sie die unbekannte Telefonnummer kein Fake.
    Speichere sie dir auch vorstellen kannst die Angebote der Sex-industrie heutzutage kein Problem.

    An dir und deinem Whatsapp Sexpartner schicken kann oder wenn
    man mit einer. Das sagt er sein Interesse verlieren oder das abhalten warum sie das wäre alles andere als in deinem.
    Die richtigen Komplimente hören sie weiter blockiert wahrscheinlich die Nachteile mit.

    Sein werk es groß wie ein schlüssel. Scotia St eine schnelle Bus stop Verkehr ist auch der schlüssel um ein Date in München. Kleid landete ein Date bevor dann.
    Martina ebm auch mal richtig eine echte Milf für ein Date heute Abend.
    Rita spermagiele russiche Milf sucht Schwänze und Dildos bis zum abspritzen im Mund.
    Welche Informationen bietet und schlucken bis zum abspritzen im Mund ist ewig Gewehr bei Fuß bleiben.

    Feel free to surf to my site – Sexkontakte

  317. Howdy! I know this is kinda off topic however , I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest writing a blog article or vice-versa? My website discusses a lot of the same subjects as yours and I think we could greatly benefit from each other. If you might be interested feel free to shoot me an email. I look forward to hearing from you! Wonderful blog by the way!

  319. I’ll right away grab your rss as I can not find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Please let me understand so that I may just subscribe. Thanks.

  322. Pingback: buy viagra no prescription
  325. Pingback: cheap viagra online

  331. When I originally commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get several emails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove people from that service? Many thanks!

  333. Pingback: do you need a prescription for viagra
  336. Pingback: buy viagra without prescription
  342. Pingback: viagra cost

  343. Greetings! I know this is kinda off topic nevertheless I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest authoring a blog article or vice-versa? My site goes over a lot of the same topics as yours and I believe we could greatly benefit from each other. If you are interested feel free to shoot me an email. I look forward to hearing from you! Wonderful blog by the way!

  346. This is really interesting, You are a very skilled blogger. I have joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your fantastic post. Also, I have shared your web site in my social networks!

  349. Wow that was unusual. I just wrote an incredibly long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyhow, just wanted to say fantastic blog!

  350. Pingback: viagra generic 100mg

  354. Hi! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website with us so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Exceptional blog and amazing style and design.

  359. It is appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting things or advice. Maybe you can write next articles referring to this article. I desire to read even more things about it!

  361. I discovered your site web site on the search engines and check several of your early posts. Always maintain on the really good operate. I recently extra encourage Feed to my MSN News Reader. Seeking toward reading a lot more from you later on!…

  363. Pingback: otc viagra
  373. Pingback: where to buy viagra online

  385. There are some fascinating deadlines in this article however I don’t know if I see all of them heart to heart. There may be some validity but I’ll take maintain opinion till I look into it further. Good article , thanks and we would like more! Added to FeedBurner as well

  388. First off I would like to say excellent blog! I had a quick question that I’d like to
    ask if you do not mind. I was curious to find out how you center yourself
    and clear your thoughts before writing. I’ve had a hard time clearing my mind in getting my
    ideas out there. I do enjoy writing but it just seems like the first 10 to
    15 minutes are generally lost just trying to figure out how to begin. Any recommendations or tips?
    Many thanks!

  389. Hello There. I found your blog using msn. This is a very well written article.
    I will make sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your useful
    info. Thanks for the post. I’ll certainly return.

  390. Have you ever thought about including a little bit more than just your articles?
    I mean, what you say is valuable and everything.
    But imagine if you added some great photos or videos to give
    your posts more, “pop”! Your content is excellent but with pics
    and clips, this website could undeniably be one of the best in its field.
    Fantastic blog!

  393. I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my
    own blog and was curious what all is needed to get set up?
    I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny?
    I’m not very web savvy so I’m not 100% positive. Any suggestions or advice would be
    greatly appreciated. Thanks

  414. Good site! I truly love how it is simple on my eyes and the data are well written. I’m wondering how I could be notified whenever a new post has been made. I have subscribed to your RSS which must do the trick! Have a great day!

  418. I’d should check with you here. Which isn’t some thing I do! I like reading a post which will make people believe. Also, thank you permitting me to comment!

  424. Does your website have a contact page? I’m having trouble locating it but, I’d like to shoot you an email. I’ve got some ideas for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great website and I look forward to seeing it expand over time.

  434. I’m curious to find out what blog system you are utilizing?
    I’m having some minor security problems with my latest
    site and I’d like to find something more safe. Do you have any
    solutions?

  435. Great blog here! Also your website loads up very fast! What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my site loaded up as quickly as yours lol

  436. Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post. Finding the time and actual effort
    to produce a really good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a lot and never
    manage to get anything done.

  446. fantastic put up, very informative. I’m wondering why the other experts of this sector do not understand this. You should continue your writing. I am sure, you’ve a huge readers’ base already!

  447. After study a number of of the weblog posts in your web site now, and I truly like your approach of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website record and will probably be checking again soon. Pls check out my website online as effectively and let me know what you think.

  453. I and also my guys were actually checking out the good procedures located on your site then suddenly came up with a horrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the web blog owner for those tips. The people are already absolutely thrilled to read all of them and have in effect clearly been taking pleasure in these things. We appreciate you actually being indeed kind as well as for utilizing such notable resources millions of individuals are really desperate to learn about. Our sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to sooner.

  457. Do you mind if I quote a couple of your articles as long as I provide credit and sources back to your weblog? My blog site is in the exact same area of interest as yours and my visitors would really benefit from some of the information you provide here. Please let me know if this okay with you. Many thanks!

  460. I really like what you guys tend to be up too. Such clever work and exposure! Keep up the fantastic works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to blogroll.

  461. Blogs are usually a brief explanation of a theme or issue, in corporation it can be applied to advertise a pertinent web-site. Blogging might help improve the visibility of a websites and it`s services and products. With accelerated visibility come`s enhanced viewers and together with the boost in viewers, the possibility of prospective clients is accessible.

  471. Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You obviously know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting videos to your weblog when you could be giving us something enlightening to read?

  484. Awesome site you have here but I was curious about if you knew of any community forums that cover the same topics discussed here? I’d really like to be a part of online community where I can get feedback from other experienced people that share the same interest. If you have any suggestions, please let me know. Thank you!

  499. Sweet blog! I found it while browsing on Yahoo
    News. Do you have any suggestions on how to get listed in Yahoo News?
    I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there!
    Thank you

  500. I all the time used to study article in news papers but now as
    I am a user of web therefore from now I am using
    net for articles or reviews, thanks to web.

  506. Pingback: reload herbal viagra where to buy

  522. Hi there, just became alert to your blog through Google,
    and found that it’s truly informative. I’m going to watch out for brussels.
    I will appreciate if you continue this in future. A
    lot of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!

  525. Hey there! I just wanted to ask if you ever have any issues with hackers?
    My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing a few months of hard work due to no data backup.
    Do you have any methods to stop hackers?

  526. Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point.
    You clearly know what youre talking about, why throw away your intelligence on just posting videos to
    your weblog when you could be giving us something enlightening to read?

  529. What i don’t realize is actually how you’re not actually much more well-liked than you might be now. You are so intelligent. You realize therefore considerably relating to this subject, produced me personally consider it from a lot of varied angles. Its like men and women aren’t fascinated unless it is one thing to do with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs excellent. Always maintain it up!

  530. Hi there! This post could not be written any better! Reading through
    this post reminds me of my previous room mate! He always kept chatting about this.

    I will forward this post to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read.
    Many thanks for sharing!

  531. I’m gone to tell my little brother, that he should also pay a visit
    this website on regular basis to obtain updated from most
    recent news update.

  537. Hello Guru, what entice you to post an article. This article was extremely interesting, especially since I was searching for thoughts on this subject last Thursday.

  538. I’m no longer positive the place you are getting your info, however great
    topic. I needs to spend a while finding out much more or
    understanding more. Thanks for wonderful information I used
    to be searching for this information for my mission.

  541. Hi! I discovered your website accidentally today, but am really pleased that we did! Its not only entertaining, but in addition straightforward to make use of in contrast to lots that Ive viewed!

  550. It’s really a cool and helpful piece of information. I
    am glad that you simply shared this helpful info with us.
    Please stay us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.

  563. Hey would you mind letting me know which hosting company you’re using? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot faster then most. Can you recommend a good internet hosting provider at a reasonable price? Thanks a lot, I appreciate it!

  566. This design is spectacular! You obviously know how to keep a reader entertained. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Wonderful job. I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it. Too cool!

  571. Pingback: best place to buy cialis

  585. Usually I do not read article on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very forced me to try and do so! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thanks, very nice post.

  594. Pingback: cialis generic
  595. Pingback: viagra online

  607. After I initially commented I clicked the -Notify me when new feedback are added- checkbox and now every time a comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment. Is there any way you may take away me from that service? Thanks!

  609. Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon on a daily basis. It will always be exciting to read articles from other writers and practice a little something from their web sites.

  616. Pingback: viagra prices

  618. I’m impressed, I have to say. Actually hardly ever do I encounter a blog that’s each educative and entertaining, and let me let you know, you could have hit the nail on the head. Your thought is outstanding; the problem is one thing that not enough people are speaking intelligently about. I am very comfortable that I stumbled across this in my seek for something regarding this.

  620. Pingback: viagra
  623. Pingback: cheap viagra
  633. Pingback: buy Cialis 80mg

  640. Greetings! Very useful advice in this particular article! It is the little changes that will make the most important changes. Thanks for sharing!

  647. Pingback: viagra generic
  650. Pingback: where to buy sildenafil 25 mg